Observational constraints refer to the limitations and boundaries placed on researchers when collecting data from the real world through direct observation. These constraints can include factors such as the availability of resources, the accessibility of the research subjects, ethical considerations, and the ability to accurately measure and record observations. Researchers must carefully consider these constraints when designing their studies in order to ensure that their data collection methods are appropriate and reliable. By acknowledging and working within these constraints, researchers can improve the validity and generalizability of their findings. Additionally, researchers may need to adjust their research methods or objectives in response to unexpected constraints that arise during the data collection process.